Habenaria humilior Rchb. f.

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Moist to wet dambo slope in black muck soil
Kundalila Falls
Feb 2018
Photo: Nick Wightman

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Synonyms:	Habenaria culicifera Rendle Habenaria hochstetteriana Kränzl. ex Engl. Habenaria kassneriana Kraenzl. Habenaria replicate
Common names:
Frequency:	Locally common
Status:	Native
Description:	Terrestrial herb up to 70 cm tall; stem leafy, lowest sheath-like, mid-stem leaves largest up to 5-23 x 0.5-2.2 cm, suberect to spreading; inflorescence laxly few to many-flowered; flowers spreading, white, green or green and white; spur 15-25 mm long, slightly incurved and swollen towards the apex.
Type location:	Ethiopia
Notes:	Suspected species used in the chikanda orchid trade.
Derivation of specific name:
Habitat:	Grassy dambos, damp places in woodland clearings and montane grassland.
Altitude range: (metres)	900 - 2200 m
Flowering time:	Jan - Feb
Worldwide distribution:	Ethiopia and Sudan south to DRC, Uganda, Tanzania Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
National distribution:	N,W,C,E,S
Zambian distribution (Provinces):	Cb,N,E,Lk,S
Growth form(s):	Terrestrial.
Endemic status:
Red data list status:	Data deficient
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Images last updated:	Wednesday 8 May 2019
Literature:	Fibeck, W. & Dare, M. (1993). Terrestrial Orchids in Zimbabwe. Excelsa 16 Page 64. Grosvenor, R.K. (1976). A list of orchids indigenous in Rhodesia. Excelsa 6 Page 83. La Croix, I. & Cribb, P.J. (1995). Orchidaceae (Part 1) Flora Zambesiaca 11(1) Pages 96 - 97. La Croix, I. et al. (1991). Orchids of Malawi A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam Page 71. (Includes a picture). La Croix, I.F. & La Croix T.M. (1983). Orchids of Bvumbwe The Society of Malawi Journal 36(2) Page 17. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 96. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 121. Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 137. Summerhayes, V.S. (1962). African orchids XXVIII Kew Bulletin 16(2) Page 283. Williamson, G. (1977). The Orchids of South Central Africa J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., London. Pages 53 - 54. (Includes a picture).

Other sources of information about Habenaria humilior:

Our websites:

Flora of Malawi: Habenaria humilior
Flora of Zimbabwe: Habenaria humilior

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Habenaria humilior
African Plant Database: Habenaria humilior
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Habenaria humilior
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Habenaria humilior
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Habenaria humilior
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Habenaria humilior
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Habenaria humilior
JSTOR Plant Science: Habenaria humilior
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Habenaria humilior
Plants of the World Online: Habenaria humilior
Tropicos: Habenaria humilior
Wikipedia: Habenaria humilior