Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.

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Picture: Petra Ballings
Shashe Wilderness Camp, Shashe River

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Synonyms:	Panicum adhaerens Forssk. Panicum verticillatum L. Setaria adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov.
Common names:
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Loosely tufted annual. Culms 50–100 cm. high or more, geniculately ascending. Panicle 2–15 cm. long, spiciform, linear to untidily lobed, often entangled, the rhachis hispidulous; bristles 3–8 mm. long, retrorsely barbed, tenaciously clinging. Spikelets 1.5–2.5 mm. long, elliptic. Superior glume as long as spikelet. Inferior floret sterile, the palea minute. Superior lemma finely rugose.
Type location:
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	verticillata: whorled
Habitat:	Pathsides, old farmland and weedy places, with some preference for damp or shady sites
Altitude range:	850 - 1600 m
Flowering time:
Worldwide distribution:	Tropical and warm temperate regions generally
Zambian distribution (Flora Zambesiaca):	B,N,C,E,S
Zambian distribution (Provinces):	N,Lk
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:	Melanitis leda helena (Food plant)
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 51. Chapano, C. & Mugarisanwa, N.H. (2003). Plants of the Matobo District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 33. Clayton, W.D. (1989). Poaceae Flora Zambesiaca 10(3) Pages 95 - 96. Heath, A. & Heath, R. (2009). Field Guide to the Plants of Northern Botswana including the Okavango Delta Kew Publishing Page 513. (Includes a picture). Jackson, G. & Wiehe, P.O. (1958). An Annotated Check List of Nyasaland Grasses The Government Printer, Zomba, Nyasaland Page 60. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 110. Roodt, V. (2015). Grasses & Grazers of Botswana and the surrounding savanna Struik Nature, South Africa Pages 184 - 185. (Includes a picture). Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 145. Timberlake, J.R. & Childes, S.L. (2004). Biodiversity of the Four Corners Area: Technical Reviews Volume Two (Chapter 5-15) Appendix 5-1: Plant Checklist Occasional Publications in Biodiversity 15 Page 192. Wild, H. (1955). Common Rhodesian Weeds Government of Rhodesia, Salisbury Page 4. (Includes a picture).

Other sources of information about Setaria verticillata:

Our websites:

Flora of Botswana: Setaria verticillata
Flora of Burundi: Setaria verticillata
Flora of Caprivi: Setaria verticillata
Flora of Malawi: Setaria verticillata
Flora of Mozambique: Setaria verticillata
Flora of Zimbabwe: Setaria verticillata

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Setaria verticillata
African Plant Database: Setaria verticillata
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Setaria verticillata
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Setaria verticillata
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Setaria verticillata
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Setaria verticillata
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Setaria verticillata
JSTOR Plant Science: Setaria verticillata
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Setaria verticillata
Plants of the World Online: Setaria verticillata
Tropicos: Setaria verticillata
Wikipedia: Setaria verticillata