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Unarmed or spiny, annual, rarely perennial, monoecious herbs. Leaves alternate, long-petiolate, simple and entire or sinuate. Flowers unisexual. Bracts and 2 bracteoles present. Perianth segments (2-)3-5, free or connate at base, membranous. Fruit a capsule, indehiscent, rupturing irregularly or with a circumscissile lid. Seeds usually black and shining. Worldwide: 60 species, in both tropical and temperate zones Zambia: 11 taxa. The larvae of the following species of insect eat species of this genus:
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| Species | FZ divisions | Provinces | Content |
| dubius Mart. ex Thell. | N,E | E | Image |
| graecizans L. subsp. graecizans | |||
| graecizans L. subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan | N,E,S | N,E,S | Image |
| hybridus L.[Agg] | N,C,E | Cb,N,E,Lk,S | Description, Image |
| hybridus L. subsp. cruentus (L.) Thell. | N,C,E | N | |
| hybridus L. subsp. hybridus | N,W,C,E,S | Cb,N,E,Lk,S | |
| lividus L. subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Probst | N | N | Description, Image |
| retroflexus L. | S | S | Description, Image |
| spinosus L. | B,N,W,C,E,S | Nw,Lp,E,Lk,S | Description, Image |
| thunbergii Moq. | B,N,W,C,S | Nw,N,C,W | Description, Image |
| viridis L. | B,N,W,S | Cb,Lp,S,W |
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